A lightning arrestor is a circuit that is protected from lightning strikes through a protection device. Lightning strikes are nothing more than surges with high transient voltage, isolation arcs, sparks, and surge currents caused by lightning. These devices are used to protect electrical systems by redirecting excessive voltage surges to the ground. These electrical systems and overhead wires can also be shielded from direct lightning strikes by using ground wire or earthing.

Lightning arrestor working is quite complex. There are various kinds of lightning arrestors that help in making the process simpler. Different types of lightning arrestors can be found in the market. The design of the arrestors varies by kind, but the principle of functioning is the same. Surges traveling towards the ground can use it as a low-resistance route. The different types are as follows:

1.Arrestors from Horn Gap

This arrestor is made up of two horn-shaped metal rods, as the name suggests. These metal rods can be arranged to fit around a small air gap. Since the spacing between these two rods widens, the distance between them can be increased. Ceramic insulators support the metal rods.

The horn can be connected by attaching it to two wires that are not the same. A resistance and choke coil can be used to connect one side of the horn to the line while the other is effectively grounded.

2.Arrestors with Multiple Gaps

These arrestors are made up of a series of metal cylinders that are insulated and separated by air gaps. The first cylinder in the sequence is linked to the electrical line, while the other cylinders are connected to the ground through resistance. Shunt resistance is present in some spaces between cylinders, which captures a surge when there is a voltage surplus. The cylinders are:

3.Arrestors of the Valve Type

These kinds of arrestors are suitable for high-powered electrical systems. These devices are made up of two basic components: a series of spark gaps and a series of non-linear resistor discs.

4.Arrestors for Pellets

Glass tubes packed with lead pellets can be used to create these arrestors. These are completed with a lead peroxide coating on the inside and lead oxide on the outside.

Read also: How to maintain a solar plant during a solar eclipse?